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Zolbingiin Shijee ((モンゴル語:Золбингийн Шижээ); 1901 – July 27, 1941) was a Mongolian revolutionary who served as secretary of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 1930 to 1932 and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the MPRP from March 13, 1931 to June 30, 1932. Considered one of the more extreme leftists of the MPRP, he was expelled from the party in 1932 for his role in the "Leftist Deviation" and exiled to the Soviet Union where he was arrested and shot for counterrevolution in 1941. ==Early life== Shijee was born in present-day Bortala, Xinjiang in 1901. He was a partisan fighter in the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921 and then became prison director. In 1923 he joined the MPRP and worked for the Central Committee. By this time Shijee had become one of several younger, more radicalized party members from rural areas recruited by the Soviets to challenge the MRPR "old guard" (others included Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav, Ölziin Badrakh, Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir, Jambyn Lkhümbe, and Peljidiin Genden). He was enrolled in the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in Moscow and while there was employed to agitate Uyghur people Hui students and organize supplies of arms and revolutionaries as part of Soviet plans to establish a puppet government in the Xinjiang region in the East Turkestan Republic. It was also during this period that Shijee first met Badrakh,and the two discussed the possibility of creating an autonomous republic of non-Khalkh Mongol regions of Dörvöd (present day Uvs Province), Tannu Uriankhai, and Xinjiang.〔Sanders 2010, p. 222〕 Shijee returned to Mongolia in 1928 and progressed through a rapid series of promotions within the government: first he was elected secretary of the Central Council of the Mongolian Trade Unions, then appointed head of Internal Security Directorate from 1928 to 1929, and then made chairman of the board of the State Bank from 1929 to 1930. He was one of several “new leftists” promoted into party leadership positions during the Eight Party Congress in 1930, when he was elected member of presidium (or politburo) of the MPRP and one of three secretaries of the party Central Committee (a position he would hold until June 30, 1932). From March 13, 1931 to June 30, 1932 he was first secretary of the Central Committee. Recognized as one of the party's most extreme leftists,〔Bawden 1989, p. 296〕 Shijee actively pushed Soviet tailored policies that aggressively forced herders onto collective farms, suppressed private trade, and seized property of both the nobility and the Buddhist church. As a result, one third of Mongolian livestock was decimated, over 800 properties belonging to the nobility and the Buddhist church were confiscated, and over 700 head of mostly noble households were executed. When violent uprisings spread across western Mongolia in 1932 as a reaction to the harsh policies, Moscow ordered a curtailment of the unpopular initiatives and pinned the blame for the excesses of what became known as the “Leftist Deviation” on Shijee and other hardline leftists within the party leadership, including Ölziin Badrakh, and Prime Minister Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav. All were officially expelled from the party in May 1932. Shijee was exiled to Moscow where in 1937 he was arrested on charges of counterrevolution. Shijee's father, a simple herder in Mongolia, was also arrested.〔Baabar 1999, 363〕 He was sentenced to death by military collegium of the USSR Supreme Court on July 9, 1941, and shot July 27, 1941. He was rehabilitated in 1963. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zolbingiin Shijee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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